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- Concepts:
- Reaction, combination, element, compound, mixture, atoms, molecules,
diatomic molecules, metals, nonmetals,
- Reactant, product, word equation, chemical equation,
- Electrolysis, positive electrode, negative electrode, positive
terminal, negative terminal
- Skills:
- Be able to state that the last syllable of the name of a non-metal is
replaced with an –ide when it is part of a compound
- Recognize that the name of a compound consists of the name of the
element that appears first in the periodic table followed by the other
one as you move from left to right
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- Skills:
- Be able to write word equations for simple combination reaction
- Be able to write simple balanced chemical equation given diagrammatic
representation
- Be able to draw atomic and molecular diagrams for a balanced chemical
equation and word equation
- Be able to identify different components of a chemical equation
- State that metals and non-metals, and nonmetals combine to form
compound, but metals don’t combine with themselves and form compounds.
- Suggest appropriate names for chemical compounds produced by simple
combination reaction
- Be able to recognize that some compounds are made up of positive and
negatively charged particles
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- Be able to recognize that atoms may convert into charged particle
called ions
- State that metals form positively charged particles and nonmetals form
negatively charged particles
- Be able to interpret results of electrolysis of salt solutions in term
of the movement of charged ions
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- Combination reactions are ones where the reactants are two different
elements which combine to produce a single compound.
- Element A + Element B ®
Compound containing A and B
- A metal can combine with a non-metal to form a compound
- Two non-metals can combine to form a compound.
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- You will study several different types of chemical reactions and learn
to represent them using word equations.
- Firstly, a few words about equations.
- A general equation such as following is a chemical short-hand for a host
of information:
- Chemical A + Chemical B à Chemical C
- Everything to the left of the arrow is referred to as reactants and
everything to the right product(s)
- “à” means produces or yields or gives
or results in
- “+” on the left side means “reacts with” or “combines with”
- “+” on the right side means “and”
- We now start by looking at the different reaction types one by one.
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- Combination reactions are ones where the reactants are two different
elements which combine to produce a single compound.
- Element A + Element B à
Compound containing A and B
- Either a metal can combine with a non-metal to form a compound or two
non-metals can combine to form a compound.
- Two metals cannot combine to form compounds however. (They do mix to
give alloys, which is a mixture and not a compound however.)
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- In the lab you observed some dramatic combination reaction, one of which
was that between zinc and iodine.
- Zinc + Iodine à Zinc
iodide
- When a metal (such as zinc) and non-metal (such as iodine) combine to
form a compound, the name of the compound is derived by writing the name
of the metal first followed by the name of the non-metal whose last
syllable is replaced by an –ide ending.
- Iodine therefore becomes iodide.
- Similarly oxygen becomes oxide.
- Nitrogen becomes nitride.
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- Oxygen becomes oxide.
- Nitrogen becomes nitride.
- Chlorine becomes chloride.
- Bromine becomes bromide.
- Iodine becomes iodide.
- Fluorine becomes fluoride.
- Phosphorus becomes phosphide.
- Sulfur becomes sulfide.
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- And a representation for a liquid diatomic molecular element (such as
bromine) and for a gaseous diatomic molecular element (such as hydrogen
or oxygen) are thus:
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- Compounds are made up of two or more elements, and therefore their
representation must also include two or more different atoms.
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- So a reaction between zinc and iodine can be visualized as follows:
- Zinc + Iodine à zinc iodide
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- And still others were
- zinc + sulfur à zinc
sulfide
- sodium + chlorine à
sodium chloride
- Magnesium + oxygen à
magnesium oxide
- sodium + oxygen à sodium
oxide
- In general then:
- Metal + non-metal à metal
and name of non-metal with –ide ending
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- The names and the products of a reaction between two non-metals are not
as easy to figure out and determine.
- For example, the reaction you observed between hydrogen and oxygen is
represented thus:
- hydrogen (gas) + oxygen (gas) à water
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- Other reactions are:
- carbon + oxgyen à carbon dioxide
- This is the reaction that takes place when coal burns.
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- hydrogen + chlorine à
hydrogen chloride
- hydrogen + bromine à
hydrogen bromide
- hydrogen + iodine à
hydrogen iodide
- sulfur + oxygen à sulfur
dioxide
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Notes